A zamanin yau, filastik ɗaya ne daga cikin kayan da muke amfani da su a kullum https://www.tgtextrusion.com/news/plastic-recycle-machine/lives. Amfani da shi yana da banbance-banbance har yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda ke samar da mafi yawan ɓarna. Wani abu da ya zama babbar matsala da damuwa a matakin duniya.
Muna amfani da shi kuma muna magana game da sake tunani game da amfani da shi, amma shin da gaske mun san shi sosai? A cikin wannan labarin, mun rufe wasu sassa na asali na filastik.
Lambobi daban-daban Don Filastik
Yana cikin kwalabe, kwantena, nannade, da sauran abubuwan yau da kullun. Filastik yana da yawa kamar yadda ake iya sake yin amfani da shi. Ta hanyar sake yin amfani da robobin da kuke amfani da su kowace rana, zaku iya rage tasirin ku akan muhalli kuma ku taimaka wa kasuwanci rage farashi. Duk da haka, ba kowane nau'in robobi ne aka halicce su daidai ba. Lambar da ke cikin alamar sake yin amfani da su akan kwantena filastik, wanda aka sani da lambar SPI, tana ba da wadataccen bayanai game da aminci da haɓakar halittu na kowane nau'in filastik. Fahimtar waɗannan lambobin zai taimaka muku sanin yadda ake warware kayan da aka yi amfani da su don sake amfani da su. Don yin tunani cikin sauri, ga saurin duba lambobi daban-daban:
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETE ko PET)
Babban Maɗauri Polyethylene (HDPE)
Polyvinyl chloride (P ko PVC)
Ƙananan Maɗaukaki Polyethylene (LDPE)
Polypropylene (PP)
Polystyrene (PS)
Filastik Daban-daban
Ø PETE ko PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate): Da farko da aka fara amfani da shi a cikin 1940, ana samun robobin PET a cikin kwalabe na abin sha, kwantena abinci masu lalacewa da wankin baki. Filayen robobin PET gabaɗaya ana ɗaukar lafiya, amma suna iya ɗaukar ƙamshi da ɗanɗano daga abinci da abubuwan ruwa da aka adana a cikinsu. Hakanan suna iya zama haɗari idan an fallasa su ga zafi, kamar idan an bar kwalban ruwa a cikin mota mai zafi. Bayan lokaci, wannan na iya haifar da Antimony ya fita daga cikin robobi kuma cikin ruwa. Abin farin ciki, waɗannan robobi suna da sauƙin sake yin amfani da su, kuma yawancin tsire-tsire masu sake amfani da su suna karɓar su, don haka zubar da su yadda ya kamata yana da sauƙi. Ana sake yin amfani da robobin PET zuwa kafet, daki, da fiber don tufafin hunturu.
Ø HDPE (High Density Polyethylene): Ɗaya daga cikin sabbin nau'ikan robobi, HDPE an fara ƙirƙirar su a cikin 1950s ta Karl Ziegler da Erhard Holzkamp. HDPE ita ce filastik da aka fi sake yin fa'ida kuma yawanci FDA tana ɗaukar lafiya don saduwa da abinci. Saboda tsarinsa na ciki, HDPE ya fi PET ƙarfi, kuma ana iya sake amfani da shi cikin aminci. Hakanan ana iya amfani da shi don abubuwan da za a adana ko amfani da su a waje, saboda yana da kyau a yanayin zafi da sanyi. Kayayyakin HDPE suna da ƙarancin haɗarin shiga cikin abinci ko ruwaye. Za ku sami wannan robobi a cikin kwalabe na madara, yoghurt tubs, kayan tsaftacewa, kwalabe na wanke jiki da makamantansu. Abubuwan wasan yara da yawa, wuraren shakatawa, tukwane, da bututu kuma ana yin su daga HDPE. HDPE da aka sake fa'ida an yi su zuwa alƙalami, katako na filastik, shinge na filastik, tebur na fikinik da kwalabe.
Ø V ko PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride): An fara gano shi a cikin 1838, yana ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin robobi. Har ila yau, aka sani da Vinyl, PVC filastik ne na yau da kullum wanda ke farawa da ƙarfi, amma ya zama mai sauƙi lokacin da aka ƙara masu filastik. An samo su a cikin katunan kuɗi, kundi na abinci, bututun famfo, tayal, tagogi da kayan aikin likita, PVC ba safai ake sake yin amfani da su ba. Filastik ɗin PVC sun ƙunshi sinadarai masu cutarwa waɗanda ke da alaƙa da cututtuka iri-iri, gami da cututtukan ƙashi da hanta da al'amuran ci gaban yara da jarirai. Ka kiyaye abubuwan PVC daga abinci da abin sha. Shirye-shirye na musamman suna sake sarrafa PVC zuwa bene, bangon bango da magudanan titi don suna kaɗan.
Ø LDPE (Low-Density Polyethylene): LDPE yana da tsari mafi sauƙi na duk robobi, yana sa sauƙin samarwa. Shi ya sa aka fi amfani da shi don nau'ikan jaka da yawa. Filastik mai tsafta kuma mai aminci, ana kuma samun LDPE a cikin kayan gida kamar su filastik, kwantena abinci daskararre da kwalabe masu matsi. Ƙarin shirye-shiryen sake yin amfani da su sun fara karɓar robobin LDPE, amma har yanzu yana da wuya a sake fa'ida. Ana yin LDPE da aka sake fa'ida zuwa irin waɗannan abubuwa kamar gwangwani na shara, katako, kayan ɗaki, shimfidar ƙasa da kumfa.
Ø PP (Polypropylene): An gano shi a kamfanin man fetur a 1951, PP yana da wuya, mai ƙarfi kuma yana iya jure yanayin zafi. Ana kuma la'akari da shi filastik mai aminci, kuma a sakamakon haka, ana samunsa a cikin kayan tupper, sassan mota, riguna masu zafi, kwantena yogurt, har ma da diapers. Yayin da za a iya sake yin fa'ida, ana jefar da shi sau da yawa. Lokacin da aka sake yin fa'ida, yana juya zuwa abubuwa masu nauyi kamar pallets, scrapers, rake da igiyoyin baturi. Yawancin shirye-shiryen sake yin amfani da su suna karɓar PP.
Ø PS (Polystyrene): PS, ko Styrofoam, an gano shi ta hanyar haɗari a Jamus a cikin 1839. Filastik mai sauƙin ganewa, PS yana samuwa a cikin kofuna na abin sha, rufi, kayan tattarawa, kwali na kwai da kayan abincin abincin da za a iya zubarwa. Yana da arha kuma mai sauƙin ƙirƙira, don haka ana samunsa a ko'ina. Duk da haka, ba shi da lafiya saboda Styrofoam ya shahara duka don leaching sunadarai masu cutarwa, musamman idan aka yi zafi, da kuma rashin sake amfani da su. Kamar PP, yawanci ana watsar da shi, kodayake wasu shirye-shiryen sake yin amfani da su na iya karɓe shi. Ana sake yin amfani da PS zuwa cikin abubuwa daban-daban da suka haɗa da rufi, kayan makaranta da tsara faranti.
Ø Daban-daban Filastik: Ana amfani da lambar SPI 7 don duk robobi ba na sauran nau'ikan 6 ba. Duk da shigarsu a cikin shahararrun abubuwa kamar su tabarau, rumbun kwamfuta, nailan, ƙaramin fayafai da kwalabe na jarirai, waɗannan robobi sun ƙunshi bisphenol A ko BPA mai guba. Ba wai kawai suna da haɗari ba, amma irin waɗannan nau'ikan robobi kuma suna da matukar wahala a sake sarrafa su saboda ba sa rushewa cikin sauƙi. Lokacin da tsire-tsire masu sake yin amfani da su suka karɓa, Filastik #7 ana sake yin amfani da su da farko zuwa katako na filastik da samfura na musamman.
Wadanne nau'ikan Filastik ne Za'a iya Maimaita Su?
Kamar yadda aka aiwatar da lambar don bambanta tsakanin robobi saboda bambance-bambance a cikin abun da ke ciki kuma, saboda haka, a cikin dalilai, akwai bambance-bambancen yiwuwar sake yin amfani da kayan.
A gaskiya, akwai nau'i ɗaya, lamba 7, wanda ba za a iya sake yin amfani da shi ba. Bugu da ƙari, waɗanda aka yi da kayan da ke da wahalar rabuwa, masu launin launi ko ƙasƙanci ta yanayin yanayi ba su dace da sake yin amfani da su ba.
Akwai rabe-rabe na sauƙin sake amfani da su ta nau'in wanda ya kafa "lakabi" guda huɗu dangane da wannan: "mai sauƙi", "mai yiwuwa", "mawuyaci" da "matuƙar wahala".
Za a rarraba nau'ikan filastik kamar haka:
Sauki: PET, HDPE
Mai yiwuwa: LDPE, PP
Wahala: PS
Mai wuya sosai: PVC
Sayi Injinan Gyaran Filastik Daga Mu
Samun injin sake amfani da filastik yana da mahimmanci wajen sake sarrafa robobi kamar polyethylene, polypropylene da PVC. Da fatan za a isa don ingantacciyar injuna da inganci.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-26-2022
